江戸幕府の第3代将軍・徳川家光を英語で説明・紹介するための基本情報と、英会話に役立つ表現をシンプルでわかりやすい英語で紹介します。
英会話ダイアローグ・概要・10の質問を通して、徳川家光に関する英語表現を学びます。
英語
英会話ダイアローグを読む前に知っておくと良い前提知識と情報です。
- 徳川家光とは？
- 江戸幕府の第3代将軍（在位：1623年～1651年）
- 祖父は徳川家康、父は徳川秀忠（第2代将軍）
- 幕府の権力を強化し、260年以上の江戸時代の安定を築く礎を作った
- 参勤交代とは？（大名統制のための制度）
- 1635年、家光が正式に制度化
- 全国の大名は、1年おきに江戸と領地を行き来することを義務づけられた
- 大名の妻子は江戸に常住し、事実上の「人質」となり、反乱を防ぐ目的があった
- 江戸への移動や滞在には莫大な費用がかかり、大名の財政を圧迫した
- 鎖国政策とは？（日本の外交方針）
- 家光の時代に鎖国政策が完成（1639年）
- ポルトガル船の来航を禁止し、キリスト教の布教を厳しく取り締まる
- オランダと中国だけは貿易を許可し、長崎の出島を通じて限定的に交流
- 目的は、ヨーロッパによる植民地支配を防ぐことと、幕府の安定を守ること
- 島原の乱とは？（最大の反乱）
- 1637年に九州の島原・天草地方で発生した農民の反乱
- 原因は重税、飢饉、キリスト教弾圧への不満
- キリスト教徒の農民や浪人が一斉蜂起し、幕府軍と激突
- 家光は10万人以上の軍勢を送り、徹底的に鎮圧、以後は日本でのキリスト教は禁止される
- 日光東照宮の改修（家光の祖父への敬意）
- 徳川家康を神として祀る神社（栃木県日光市）
- 1636年に家光が大規模な改修を行った
- 江戸時代の社会構造（身分制度の固定化）
- 家光の統治により、厳格な身分制度が確立
- 社会は「士・農・工・商」の四つの身分に分かれ、移動はほぼ不可能に
- 士（武士）：政治を担い、特権階級
- 農（農民）：税を負担し、武士を支える
- 工（職人）・商（商人）：社会的地位は低いが、経済活動を担う
2人が江戸幕府の第3代将軍・徳川家光について話しています。
徳川家光の統治の特徴や功績、参勤交代の制度化、鎖国政策の完成、島原の乱の鎮圧、日光東照宮の改修などを話題にしています。
会話 / dialogue
Hey Key, I’ve been really into Japanese history lately, and I just came across Tokugawa Iemitsu. He seems like a fascinating figure, but I don’t know much about him. Do you?
Oh yeah! Tokugawa Iemitsu was the third shogun of the Edo period. He ruled from 1623 to 1651 and played a major role in shaping Japan’s long period of peace.
Really? How did he do that?
He was incredibly strict and made sure the shogunate had complete control. One of his biggest achievements was Sankin-kotai, a system that forced daimyo to travel to Edo every two years and leave their families there.
That sounds tough! Was it just to make daimyo spend money on travel?
That was part of it, but the real reason was control. Their families had to stay in Edo, so they were basically hostages. Daimyo wouldn’t dare rebel because their loved ones were under the shogunate’s watch.
Wow, that’s smart but also kind of harsh. Did Iemitsu always rule with such a strong grip?
Pretty much. He believed the shogun should have absolute authority. He even ended the system where retired shoguns still had influence. Once he took power, he ruled alone.
Sounds like he wanted to make sure no one could challenge him. What about foreign relations? I heard Japan was isolated during his time.
Yeah, Iemitsu completed Japan’s isolation policy, known as Sakoku, in 1639. But the process actually started earlier under his father, Tokugawa Hidetada.
So, Japan just completely shut itself off?
Not entirely. While Portuguese ships were banned, Japan still traded with the Dutch and Chinese in Nagasaki. The main goal was to stop Christian influence and prevent Japan from being colonized like other Asian countries.
Ah, I see. He wasn’t just closing the country randomly—it was a strategy to protect Japan.
Exactly! European countries were colonizing parts of Asia, and Iemitsu saw them as a threat. By limiting foreign contact, Japan stayed independent for over 200 years.
That’s impressive. But were there any challenges during his rule?
Oh, definitely. The biggest one was the Shimabara Rebellion in 1637.
That was the Christian uprising, right?
Yes, but it wasn’t only about Christianity. Heavy taxation, famine, and harsh rule also pushed people to revolt. Many farmers, ronin (masterless samurai), and even some samurai joined the rebellion.
And how did Iemitsu handle it?
He sent over 100,000 samurai to crush it. It was brutal. After that, he completely banned Christianity in Japan. Anyone caught practicing it faced severe punishment or even execution.
That’s extreme. I guess he saw Christianity as a serious threat.
He did. But his rule wasn’t just about strict control. He also wanted to strengthen the Tokugawa family’s legacy. That’s why he ordered a major renovation of Nikko Toshogu Shrine in 1636.
Oh, isn’t that the shrine for Tokugawa Ieyasu?
Exactly! It was built to honor his grandfather, the first Tokugawa shogun. But Iemitsu expanded it on a massive scale to show the power of the Tokugawa family.
So he wasn’t just about controlling people—he also cared about tradition and making sure the Tokugawa family stayed respected.
Right. His rule shaped the Edo period, but it wasn’t perfect. While he brought stability, his strict policies also locked people into a rigid social system. Farmers, merchants, and craftsmen had little chance to move up in society.
So, while Japan stayed peaceful, people also lost freedom.
Exactly. That was the price of stability.
That balance between order and control is interesting. I really want to visit Nikko Toshogu Shrine now. Seeing something he expanded to honor his grandfather must be amazing.
You should! It’s one of the most beautiful shrines in Japan and really reflects Iemitsu’s power and vision.
Sounds like a great way to experience Edo-period history firsthand. Thanks for the history lesson, Key. This was really interesting!
No problem! Edo history is full of fascinating figures. Let me know if you ever want to dive into another shogun’s story.
概要 / Overview
「徳川家光」について、理解を深めるための「英語での概要」です。
徳川家光
Who Was Tokugawa Iemitsu?
Tokugawa Iemitsu (1604–1651) was the third shogun of the Edo period in Japan. He ruled from 1623 until his death in 1651. Iemitsu was the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first shogun, and the son of Tokugawa Hidetada, the second shogun. He is famous for making the shogunate stronger and keeping Japan peaceful for over 250 years.
Sankin-kotai: Controlling the Daimyo
One of Iemitsu’s most important policies was Sankin-kotai. This system required daimyo (feudal lords) to travel to Edo every two years and leave their families there. It was very expensive for daimyo, so they could not build strong armies or rebel. Also, because their families stayed in Edo, they were like hostages, which helped Iemitsu control them.
Sakoku: Japan’s Isolation Policy
Iemitsu completed Japan’s isolation (Sakoku) in 1639. He banned Portuguese ships and only allowed trade with the Dutch and Chinese in Nagasaki. This stopped the spread of Christianity and protected Japan from European colonization.
Shimabara Rebellion: A Big Challenge
In 1637, farmers and Christian samurai in Kyushu started the Shimabara Rebellion because of high taxes and religious persecution. Iemitsu sent over 100,000 samurai to stop it. After that, Christianity was completely banned in Japan.
Legacy of Tokugawa Iemitsu
Iemitsu made Japan strong and stable. He also rebuilt Nikko Toshogu Shrine to honor his grandfather. However, his strict policies limited people’s freedom. Still, his rule helped Japan stay peaceful for over 250 years.
10の質問 / 10 questions
「徳川家光」について、理解を深めるための「英語での10の質問」です。
1: Who was Tokugawa Iemitsu?
Tokugawa Iemitsu was the third shogun of the Edo period in Japan. He ruled from 1623 to 1651 and helped strengthen the Tokugawa shogunate.
2: What was Sankin-kotai?
Sankin-kotai was a system that required daimyo (feudal lords) to travel to Edo every two years and leave their families there. This helped the shogunate control the daimyo and prevent rebellions.
3: Why did Tokugawa Iemitsu establish the Sakoku (isolation) policy?
Iemitsu completed the Sakoku policy in 1639 to stop foreign influence, especially Christianity, and to protect Japan from European colonization.
4: Did Japan completely close itself off during the Sakoku period?
No, Japan still traded with the Dutch and Chinese in Nagasaki, but European influence was strictly controlled.
5: What was the Shimabara Rebellion?
The Shimabara Rebellion was an uprising in 1637 by Christian farmers and ronin in Kyushu against high taxes and religious persecution. It was crushed by the shogunate with over 100,000 troops.
6: How did Tokugawa Iemitsu treat Christianity in Japan?
He banned Christianity completely after the Shimabara Rebellion, punishing those who practiced it and forcing people to follow traditional Japanese beliefs.
7: Why did Tokugawa Iemitsu renovate Nikko Toshogu Shrine?
He expanded Nikko Toshogu Shrine in 1636 to honor his grandfather, Tokugawa Ieyasu, and to strengthen the authority of the Tokugawa family.
8: How did Tokugawa Iemitsu’s rule affect the social class system?
He made the class system stricter, keeping society divided into four main groups: samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants. This helped maintain order but limited people’s freedom.
9: What were some positive effects of Tokugawa Iemitsu’s rule?
His policies brought long-term stability and peace to Japan. The economy and culture developed, and Edo (Tokyo) became a major city.
10: What were some negative effects of Tokugawa Iemitsu’s rule?
His strict policies limited personal freedom, and the rigid class system made it difficult for people to change their social status. Christianity was also harshly suppressed.
和訳付
会話 / dialogue
Hey Key, I’ve been really into Japanese history lately, and I just came across Tokugawa Iemitsu. He seems like a fascinating figure, but I don’t know much about him. Do you?
なあキー、最近日本の歴史にハマってるんだけど、徳川家光について知ったんだ。すごく興味深い人物みたいだけど、あまり詳しく知らなくて。キーは知ってる？
Oh yeah! Tokugawa Iemitsu was the third shogun of the Edo period. He ruled from 1623 to 1651 and played a major role in shaping Japan’s long period of peace.
もちろん！徳川家光は江戸時代の3代目の将軍だよ。1623年から1651年まで統治して、日本の長い平和の時代を築くのに大きく貢献したんだ。
Really? How did he do that?
へえ、本当？どうやってそんなことを成し遂げたの？
He was incredibly strict and made sure the shogunate had complete control. One of his biggest achievements was Sankin-kotai, a system that forced daimyo to travel to Edo every two years and leave their families there.
彼はものすごく厳しくて、幕府が完全に支配できるようにしたんだ。特に大きな功績の一つが「参勤交代」だよ。これは、大名たちに2年ごとに江戸へ行かせて、家族を江戸に置いておくことを義務付けた制度なんだ。
That sounds tough! Was it just to make daimyo spend money on travel?
それは大変だな！大名たちに移動費を使わせるための制度だったの？
That was part of it, but the real reason was control. Their families had to stay in Edo, so they were basically hostages. Daimyo wouldn’t dare rebel because their loved ones were under the shogunate’s watch.
それもあるけど、本当の目的は統制だよ。大名の家族を江戸に住まわせることで、実質的に「人質」にしたんだ。大名たちは、家族が幕府の監視下にあるから、反乱を起こせなかったんだよ。
Wow, that’s smart but also kind of harsh. Did Iemitsu always rule with such a strong grip?
すごいな、それって賢いやり方だけど、かなり厳しいよね。家光はずっとそんな強硬な統治をしていたの？
Pretty much. He believed the shogun should have absolute authority. He even ended the system where retired shoguns still had influence. Once he took power, he ruled alone.
ほぼそうだね。彼は、将軍は絶対的な権力を持つべきだと考えていたんだ。それまでの、引退した将軍が影響力を持ち続ける制度も終わらせて、完全に一人で統治したんだよ。
Sounds like he wanted to make sure no one could challenge him. What about foreign relations? I heard Japan was isolated during his time.
つまり、誰にも逆らわせないようにしたってことか。じゃあ、外交はどうだったの？家光の時代に日本は鎖国したって聞いたけど。
Yeah, Iemitsu completed Japan’s isolation policy, known as Sakoku, in 1639. But the process actually started earlier under his father, Tokugawa Hidetada.
そう、家光は1639年に「鎖国政策」を完成させたんだ。でも実際は、その前の父・徳川秀忠の時代から少しずつ進められていたんだよ。
So, Japan just completely shut itself off?
じゃあ、日本は完全に外の世界と断絶したの？
Not entirely. While Portuguese ships were banned, Japan still traded with the Dutch and Chinese in Nagasaki. The main goal was to stop Christian influence and prevent Japan from being colonized like other Asian countries.
いや、完全に閉ざされたわけじゃないよ。ポルトガル船は禁止されたけど、オランダと中国とは長崎で貿易を続けていたんだ。目的は、キリスト教の影響を排除して、日本が他のアジアの国みたいに植民地化されるのを防ぐことだったんだよ。
Ah, I see. He wasn’t just closing the country randomly—it was a strategy to protect Japan.
なるほど。単に鎖国したんじゃなくて、日本を守るための戦略だったんだな。
Exactly! European countries were colonizing parts of Asia, and Iemitsu saw them as a threat. By limiting foreign contact, Japan stayed independent for over 200 years.
その通り！ヨーロッパ諸国はアジアをどんどん植民地化していたから、家光はそれを脅威だと考えたんだ。外国との接触を制限することで、日本は200年以上も独立を維持できたんだよ。
That’s impressive. But were there any challenges during his rule?
それはすごいな。でも、彼の統治中に大きな問題とかはなかったの？
Oh, definitely. The biggest one was the Shimabara Rebellion in 1637.
ああ、あったよ。一番大きかったのは1637年の「島原の乱」だね。
That was the Christian uprising, right?
それってキリスト教徒の反乱だよね？
Yes, but it wasn’t only about Christianity. Heavy taxation, famine, and harsh rule also pushed people to revolt. Many farmers, ronin (masterless samurai), and even some samurai joined the rebellion.
そうだけど、キリスト教だけが原因じゃなかったんだ。重い税、飢饉、厳しい統治もあって、人々が反乱を起こしたんだ。農民や浪人、さらには一部の武士も加わっていたよ。
And how did Iemitsu handle it?
で、家光はどうやって対応したの？
He sent over 100,000 samurai to crush it. It was brutal. After that, he completely banned Christianity in Japan. Anyone caught practicing it faced severe punishment or even execution.
10万人以上の武士を送って鎮圧したんだ。すごく残酷だったよ。その後、日本ではキリスト教が完全に禁止されて、信仰が見つかったら厳しい処罰、場合によっては処刑されたんだ。
That’s extreme. But I guess he saw Christianity as a serious threat.
それは過激だな。でも、家光はキリスト教を本当に危険視してたんだな。
He did. But his rule wasn’t just about strict control. He also wanted to strengthen the Tokugawa family’s legacy. That’s why he ordered a major renovation of Nikko Toshogu Shrine in 1636.
そうだね。でも、彼の統治は厳しさだけじゃなかったんだ。徳川家の威光をさらに強めたいとも考えていたんだ。それで、1636年に日光東照宮の大規模な改修を命じたんだよ。
Oh, isn’t that the shrine for Tokugawa Ieyasu?
ああ、それって徳川家康を祀ってる神社だよね？
Exactly! It was built to honor his grandfather, the first Tokugawa shogun. But Iemitsu expanded it on a massive scale to show the power of the Tokugawa family.
その通り！もともとは家康を祀るために建てられたんだけど、家光が大規模に改築して、徳川家の権威をさらに示すものにしたんだ。
So he wasn’t just about controlling people—he also cared about tradition and making sure the Tokugawa family stayed respected.
なるほど。ただ厳しく統治するだけじゃなくて、伝統を守ることや、徳川家の尊厳を保つことも考えていたんだな。
Right. His rule shaped the Edo period, but it wasn’t perfect. While he brought stability, his strict policies also locked people into a rigid social system. Farmers, merchants, and craftsmen had little chance to move up in society.
そうだね。彼の統治は江戸時代の基盤を作ったけど、完璧ではなかった。確かに安定をもたらしたけど、その一方で厳しい身分制度を固定化してしまったんだ。農民や商人、職人は身分を変えることがほとんどできなかったんだよ。
So, while Japan stayed peaceful, people also lost freedom.
つまり、日本は平和だったけど、その代わりに人々の自由は制限されていたってことか。
Exactly. That was the price of stability.
そういうこと。安定の代償だったんだ。
That balance between order and control is interesting. I really want to visit Nikko Toshogu Shrine now. Seeing something he expanded to honor his grandfather must be amazing.
統治と支配のバランスって面白いな。日光東照宮にも行ってみたくなったよ。家光が家康を讃えるために大規模に改築したものを直接見てみたい。
You should! It’s one of the most beautiful shrines in Japan and really reflects Iemitsu’s power and vision.
ぜひ行ってみて！日本でも特に美しい神社のひとつだし、家光の権力とビジョンがよく表れているよ。
Sounds like a great way to experience Edo-period history firsthand. Thanks for the history lesson, Key. This was really interesting!
それはいいね。実際に江戸時代の歴史を体感できそうだ。歴史の話、ありがとうキー！すごく面白かったよ。
No problem! Edo history is full of fascinating figures. Let me know if you ever want to dive into another shogun’s story.
どういたしまして！江戸時代にはまだまだ面白い人物がたくさんいるから、また話したくなったらいつでも言ってね。
概要 / Overview
徳川家光
Who Was Tokugawa Iemitsu?
Tokugawa Iemitsu (1604–1651) was the third shogun of the Edo period in Japan. He ruled from 1623 until his death in 1651. Iemitsu was the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first shogun, and the son of Tokugawa Hidetada, the second shogun. He is famous for making the shogunate stronger and keeping Japan peaceful for over 250 years.
徳川家光とは？
徳川家光（1604年～1651年）は、日本の江戸時代の3代目将軍です。1623年から亡くなる1651年まで統治しました。彼は、初代将軍である徳川家康の孫であり、2代将軍の徳川秀忠の息子でした。家光は幕府をより強くし、日本を250年以上も平和に保ったことで有名です。
Sankin-kotai: Controlling the Daimyo
One of Iemitsu’s most important policies was Sankin-kotai. This system required daimyo (feudal lords) to travel to Edo every two years and leave their families there. It was very expensive for daimyo, so they could not build strong armies or rebel. Also, because their families stayed in Edo, they were like hostages, which helped Iemitsu control them.
参勤交代：大名を統制する仕組み
家光の最も重要な政策のひとつが参勤交代でした。この制度では、大名（地方の領主）は2年ごとに江戸へ行き、家族を江戸に残さなければならないと決められていました。これは大名にとって非常に費用がかかるため、強い軍隊を作ったり、反乱を起こしたりすることが難しくなりました。さらに、大名の家族が江戸に住んでいたため、事実上の人質となり、家光は大名をより厳しく統制することができました。
Sakoku: Japan’s Isolation Policy
Iemitsu completed Japan’s isolation (Sakoku) in 1639. He banned Portuguese ships and only allowed trade with the Dutch and Chinese in Nagasaki. This stopped the spread of Christianity and protected Japan from European colonization.
鎖国：日本の外交政策
家光は1639年に日本の鎖国（さこく）政策を完成させました。彼はポルトガル船の来航を禁止し、貿易はオランダと中国のみが長崎で行うことを許可しました。これにより、日本でのキリスト教の広がりを防ぎ、ヨーロッパによる植民地化の危険から日本を守ることができました。
Shimabara Rebellion: A Big Challenge
In 1637, farmers and Christian samurai in Kyushu started the Shimabara Rebellion because of high taxes and religious persecution. Iemitsu sent over 100,000 samurai to stop it. After that, Christianity was completely banned in Japan.
島原の乱：最大の反乱
1637年、九州の農民やキリスト教徒の武士たちが島原の乱を起こしました。その理由は、高額な税金とキリスト教弾圧への反発でした。家光は10万人以上の武士を送り込み、この反乱を鎮圧しました。その後、日本ではキリスト教が完全に禁止されました。
Legacy of Tokugawa Iemitsu
Iemitsu made Japan strong and stable. He also rebuilt Nikko Toshogu Shrine to honor his grandfather. However, his strict policies limited people’s freedom. Still, his rule helped Japan stay peaceful for over 250 years.
徳川家光の遺産
家光は、日本を強く安定した国にしました。また、彼は祖父である徳川家康を祀るために日光東照宮を改修しました。しかし、彼の厳しい政策により人々の自由は制限されました。それでも、彼の統治があったおかげで、日本は250年以上も平和を維持することができました。
10の質問 / 10 questions
1: Who was Tokugawa Iemitsu?
徳川家光とは誰ですか？
Tokugawa Iemitsu was the third shogun of the Edo period in Japan. He ruled from 1623 to 1651 and helped strengthen the Tokugawa shogunate.
徳川家光は、日本の江戸時代の第3代将軍です。1623年から1651年まで統治し、徳川幕府の権力を強化しました。
2: What was Sankin-kotai?
参勤交代とは何ですか？
Sankin-kotai was a system that required daimyo (feudal lords) to travel to Edo every two years and leave their families there. This helped the shogunate control the daimyo and prevent rebellions.
参勤交代は、大名（封建領主）が2年ごとに江戸へ行き、家族を江戸に残すことを義務付けた制度です。これにより、幕府は大名を統制し、反乱を防ぐことができました。
3: Why did Tokugawa Iemitsu establish the Sakoku (isolation) policy?
なぜ徳川家光は鎖国政策を確立したのですか？
Iemitsu completed the Sakoku policy in 1639 to stop foreign influence, especially Christianity, and to protect Japan from European colonization.
家光は1639年に鎖国政策を完成させました。これは、外国の影響、特にキリスト教の広がりを防ぎ、ヨーロッパの植民地支配から日本を守るためでした。
4: Did Japan completely close itself off during the Sakoku period?
鎖国時代、日本は完全に閉ざされていましたか？
No, Japan still traded with the Dutch and Chinese in Nagasaki, but European influence was strictly controlled.
いいえ、日本は長崎でオランダや中国と貿易を続けていましたが、ヨーロッパの影響は厳しく制限されていました。
5: What was the Shimabara Rebellion?
島原の乱とは何ですか？
The Shimabara Rebellion was an uprising in 1637 by Christian farmers and ronin in Kyushu against high taxes and religious persecution. It was crushed by the shogunate with over 100,000 troops.
島原の乱は、1637年に九州で起こった反乱で、キリスト教徒の農民や浪人が重税や宗教弾圧に反発して蜂起しました。幕府は10万人以上の軍勢でこれを鎮圧しました。
6: How did Tokugawa Iemitsu treat Christianity in Japan?
徳川家光は日本でのキリスト教をどのように扱いましたか？
He banned Christianity completely after the Shimabara Rebellion, punishing those who practiced it and forcing people to follow traditional Japanese beliefs.
家光は島原の乱の後、キリスト教を完全に禁止し、信仰を続けた者を厳しく処罰し、人々に日本の伝統的な信仰を守るよう強制しました。
7: Why did Tokugawa Iemitsu renovate Nikko Toshogu Shrine?
なぜ徳川家光は日光東照宮を改修したのですか？
He expanded Nikko Toshogu Shrine in 1636 to honor his grandfather, Tokugawa Ieyasu, and to strengthen the authority of the Tokugawa family.
彼は1636年に日光東照宮を大規模に改修しました。これは祖父の徳川家康を称え、徳川家の権威を強化するためでした。
8: How did Tokugawa Iemitsu’s rule affect the social class system?
徳川家光の統治は身分制度にどのような影響を与えましたか？
He made the class system stricter, keeping society divided into four main groups: samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants. This helped maintain order but limited people’s freedom.
彼は身分制度を厳格化し、社会を武士、農民、職人、商人の4つの身分に分けました。これは秩序を維持するのに役立ちましたが、人々の自由を制限しました。
9: What were some positive effects of Tokugawa Iemitsu’s rule?
徳川家光の統治にはどのような良い影響がありましたか？
His policies brought long-term stability and peace to Japan. The economy and culture developed, and Edo (Tokyo) became a major city.
彼の政策は日本に長期的な安定と平和をもたらしました。経済や文化が発展し、江戸（現在の東京）は大都市になりました。
10: What were some negative effects of Tokugawa Iemitsu’s rule?
徳川家光の統治にはどのような悪い影響がありましたか？
His strict policies limited personal freedom, and the rigid class system made it difficult for people to change their social status. Christianity was also harshly suppressed.
彼の厳しい政策により、人々の自由が制限され、厳格な身分制度のために社会的な地位を変えることが困難になりました。また、キリスト教は厳しく弾圧されました。
words & phrases
英会話ダイアローグと関連情報に出てきた単語・フレーズです（例文は各３つ）。
hostage : 名詞
意味: 人質。A person who is held captive to force someone else to act.
（参勤交代制度において、大名の家族が江戸に強制的に住まわされることで人質のような役割を果たしていた）
例文：
- The criminals took a man as a hostage during the robbery.
「強盗の際、犯人たちは男性を人質にしました。」 - The government negotiated for the release of the hostages.
「政府は人質の解放のために交渉しました。」 - Under Sankin-kotai, daimyo’s families were like hostages in Edo.
「参勤交代制度では、大名の家族は江戸で人質のような存在でした。」
authority : 名詞
意味: 権力、権威。The power or right to control, command, or make decisions.
（徳川家光が幕府の権威を強化し、絶対的な支配を確立したことを指す）
例文：
- The teacher has the authority to punish students for bad behavior.
「教師には生徒の悪い行動を罰する権限があります。」 - The police have the authority to stop suspicious people.
「警察には不審な人物を止める権限があります。」 - Tokugawa Iemitsu strengthened the authority of the Tokugawa shogunate.
「徳川家光は徳川幕府の権威を強化しました。」
uprising : 名詞
意味: 反乱、暴動。A violent act of resistance or rebellion against authority.
（島原の乱において、キリスト教徒の農民や浪人が幕府に対して起こした反乱を指す）
例文：
- The citizens started an uprising against the corrupt government.
「市民たちは腐敗した政府に対して反乱を起こしました。」 - The soldiers quickly suppressed the uprising.
「兵士たちはすぐに反乱を鎮圧しました。」 - The Shimabara Uprising was one of the biggest revolts in the Edo period.
「島原の乱は江戸時代で最大の反乱の一つでした。」
expand : 動詞
意味: 拡大する、広げる。To make something bigger, wider, or more extensive.
（徳川家光が日光東照宮を大規模に改修・拡張したことを指す）
例文：
- The company plans to expand its business overseas.
「その会社は海外に事業を拡大する予定です。」 - The city decided to expand the road to reduce traffic.
「市は交通渋滞を減らすために道路を拡張することを決定しました。」 - Tokugawa Iemitsu expanded Nikko Toshogu Shrine to honor his grandfather.
「徳川家光は祖父を讃えるために日光東照宮を拡張しました。」
dive into : 句動詞
意味: 深く関わる、熱中する。To start something with enthusiasm or to explore deeply.
（日本の歴史、特に江戸時代や将軍の統治について深く学ぶことを指す）
例文：
- He decided to dive into learning a new language.
「彼は新しい言語の学習に本格的に取り組むことを決めました。」 - She loves history and often dives into books about ancient civilizations.
「彼女は歴史が大好きで、よく古代文明についての本に夢中になります。」 - If you want to learn more about Japan, you should dive into Edo-period history.
「日本についてもっと知りたいなら、江戸時代の歴史に深く入ってみるといいよ。」
詳細情報 / Further Info
関連記事（徳川家康）
